<p>The Denis Julien Inscription is an incised carving on a rock face in a side canyon of the Green River in Canyonlands National Park in Utah. The site is about 750 ft to the east of the Green River in Hellroaring Canyon, at the top of a talus slope. The inscription was left by trapper Denis Julien in 1836, when he was one of the few Europeans in southern Utah. The panel reads:</p><br>
<p>D. Julien</p><br>
<p>1836</p><br>
<p>3 mai</p><br>
<p>A boat with a mast is depicted to the right of the lettering, with a bird-like object below. Later travelers have left their own markings nearby. The Julien is one of at least eight that he left in Utah between 1831 and 1844. The inscription is significant in depicting an apparent sailboat, supporting the theory that he sailed upstream against the current as the date progression of his inscriptions would imply. Nearby inscriptions left by Bureau of Reclamation employees in 1914 on a damsite survey expedition are also considered significant.</p><br>
<p>St Johns Rectory is at 3 Vicars Lane, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This was originally built in about 1750 as the rectory for St Johns Church, which stands on the other side of Vicars Lane. It continued to have this function until 1957. It was then used by the Grosvenor Club, following which it contains offices.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The rectory is constructed in brick with stone dressings, and it has a grey slate roof. It stands on a painted stone plinth, and at the corners are rusticated quoins. It has three storeys and its front is symmetrical in five bays. Between the ground and first floors are stone bands. Above the top floor windows is a modillion cornice, and a coped brick parapet. The entrance door in the central bay has a Gibbs surround with a pulvinated frieze and a pediment. In the other bays on the ground floor and all the bays in the middle floor contain twelve-pane sash windows, and in the top floor the sash windows have nine panes. All the windows have rusticated wedge lintels with projecting keystones. Inside the building is a six-flight open-well staircase with three column-on-vase balusters on each step.</p><br>
<p>The East Northwall Firn is a glacier near the peak of Puncak Jaya  which is a mountain in the Sudirman Range, western central highlands of Papua province, Indonesia. The glacier is situated at an elevation of approximately 4,750 m and is 2.5 km northeast of the summit tower of Puncak Jaya. The East Northwall Firn is 1.8 km in length and 0.8 km wide.</p><br>
<p>The Northwall Firn split into several separate glaciers since 1936, the largest two remnants being the East Northwall Firm and the West Northwall Firn. Research presented in 2004 of IKONOS satellite imagery of the New Guinean glaciers indicated that in the two years from 2000 to 2002, the East Northwall Firn had lost a further 4.5% of its surface area. An expedition to the remaining glaciers on Puncak Jaya in 2010 discovered that the ice on the glaciers there is about 32 m thick and thinning at a rate of 7 m annually. At that rate, the remaining glaciers in the immediate region near Puncak Jaya are expected to last only to the year 2015.</p><br>
<p>The East Northwall Firn is a remnant glacier that was once part of an icecap that developed approximately 5,000 years ago. At least one previous icecap also existed in the region between 15,000 and 7,000 years ago, when it also apparently melted away and disappeared.</p><br>
<p>The Carstensz Glacier is near the peak of Puncak Jaya  which is a mountain in the Sudirman Range, western central highlands of Papua province, Indonesia. The glacier is situated at an elevation of approximately 4,600 m and is 1.5 km east of the summit tower of Puncak Jaya. In 2002 the Carstensz Glacier was 1.4 km in length and.60 km wide.</p><br>
<p>The glacier is named after the 17th century Dutch explorer Jan Carstenszoon, commonly known as Jan Carstensz.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Research presented in 2004 of IKONOS satellite imagery of the New Guinean glaciers indicated that in the two years from 2000 to 2002, the Carstensz Glacier had lost a further 6.8% of its surface area. An expedition to the remaining glaciers on Puncak Jaya in 2010 discovered that the ice on the glaciers there is about 32 m thick and thinning at a rate of 7 m annually. At that rate, the remaining glaciers in the immediate region near Puncak Jaya were expected to last only to the year 2015.</p><br>
<p>The remaining remnant glaciers on Punkak Jaya were once part of an icecap that developed approximately 5,000 years ago. At least one previous icecap also existed in the region between 15,000 and 7,000 years ago, when it also apparently melted away and disappeared.</p><br>
<p>Mount Rosa is a mountain summit of the Pikes Peak Massif in the southern Front Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 11,504 ft peak is located in Pike National Forest, 20.6 km southwest by west  of downtown Colorado Springs in Teller County, Colorado, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain</h2><br>
<p>Mount Rosa rises 5,475 ft above downtown Colorado Springs and is among the taller summits on the city&#39;s skyline.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking</h2><br>
<p>Hikers may access Mt. Rosa and its summit by way of several hiking trails in the area. The most common route is the Frosty Park Route, and may be accessed by taking Cheyenne Mountain Blvd. in the Broadmoor neighborhood, towards the west, then Old Stage Road and Gold Camp Road for 11.1 miles until Forest Road 379 is reached. FR 379 is a rough 4wd road and should only be driven using a vehicle that has both 4wd and high clearance, (theres one stream crossing near the beginning of the road which may have a substantial amount of water in it, depending on the season). Take FR 379 for about 1.5 miles until you reach a large clearing on the western flank on Mt. Rosa. Park here (38°4536.71"N, 104°5737.07"W), and begin your hike along the unnamed trail to the east until you reach trail 672. Follow trail 672 up the western flank of Mt. Rosa until it tops out on the windswept, north ridge. Take the trail that follows the ridge up and south to Mt. Rosas summit, (if you continue, you&#39;ll head down the eastern flank of Mt. Rosa and into Buffalo Canyon). Follow this trail for about half a mile until you reach the summit of Mt. Rosa.</p><br>
<p>The Three Hummocks Islands are a group of small granite islands, with a collective area of 190 ha, lying off the east coast of Arnhem Land’s Gove Peninsula in the north-western Gulf of Carpentaria, in the Northern Territory of Australia. They are important as a nesting site for terns.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The partly vegetated islands lie south of Wanyanmera Point. They fall into two groups, with some unnamed rocky islets to the north, and some relatively larger islands, including Dudley Island, to the south. The islands are traditionally owned Aboriginal land and are part of the Laynhapuy Indigenous Protected Area.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The island group has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports large numbers of breeding bridled terns as well as smaller numbers of other tern species. Estimated numbers of bridled terns nesting in the four years between 1993-1999 when surveys were made varied from 5000 to 50,000. Roseate and black-naped terns nest irregularly on the northern islets while black-naped, bridled and roseate terns have been recorded nesting on Dudley Island.</p><br>
<p>Fort Roberdeau, also known as The Lead Mine Fort, is a historic fort located in Tyrone Township outside Altoona, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1778, during the American Revolution and was occupied until 1780. Initial efforts were made in 1939-41 to reconstruct the fort by concerned local agencies with support from the National Youth Administration. The stockade was finally reconstructed as a Bicentennial project in 1975-76.</p><br>
<p>The original fort was built of horizontal logs with a bastion at each corner. The fort was originally erected by General Daniel Roberdeau to protect local lead mining activities from the Native Americans and Tories. The fort is open to the public as a historic site, administered and owned by Blair County.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The site consists of the reconstructed fort and its structures (officers quarters, storehouse, barracks, blacksmith shop, lead miners cabin, powder magazine, and lead smelter), a restored barn (1859) which serves as visitor center, a restored farmhouse (ca. 1860), a sinkhole, a trail system, and a log house (2012) built in the style of an original frontier house. The site is open May 1 through October 31.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral Valley Corral was constructed around 1900 by local cattlemen in the northern portion of what is now Capitol Reef National Park in Utah. It is one of the oldest examples of ranching use in the park. It coincided with a change in the use of the land, where cattle were grazed on the open range and collected into corrals for branding, vaccination and other procedures. The extensive use of open-range grazing practices led to the de-vegetation of portions of the area. The corral was used by the Jeffery and Morrel families. The corral site uses sandstone cliffs as part of the enclosure, with a wood fence closing off an alcove in a cliff. The pen is subdivided into a larger and smaller enclosure, with a cattle chute off the small pen.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral Valley Corral was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Hülfensberg  is a 448 m high, heavily wooded mountain in the Geismar municipality in the Eichsfeld district, Thuringia, Germany. The mountain has been a pilgrimage site since the late Middle Ages, and on its summit are a church containing a 12th-century crucifix, a Franciscan monastery, a chapel dedicated to Saint Boniface, and a large free-standing cross.</p><br>
<p>The medieval name for the mountain was Stuffenberg, from which the supposed Germanic god Stuffo derives his name. According to some sources the name was changed in the 14th century (or around 1400) because of a famous crucifix in the church, the Hülfenskreuz; another etymology for the modern name was given in 1575, based on the legend that Boniface had defeated an army of unbelievers on the mountain, which was subsequently named Hülfensberg (helfen: to help) in reference to divine help.</p><br>
<h2>Pilgrimage</h2><br>
<p>The Hülfensberg has been a pilgrimage site since the late Middle Ages, and at one point was one of the seven most popular such sites in Germany; the goal of these pilgrimages was a 12th-century crucifix. Today pilgrimages occur throughout the year.</p><br>
<h2>Hülfenskreuz</h2><br>
<p>The focal point of pilgrimage on the Hülfensberg is the Hülfenskreuz, a 12th-century Romanesque crucifix. as well as one of the most important.</p><br>
<p>The wooden sculpture is of Christ as a king looking straight ahead (in a "strong frontality"), wearing a crown. A renovation in 1850 reconnected the legs with the cross. While the 12th-century origin of the cross is oft-repeated, Georg Dehio&#39;s Handbuch der deutschen kunstdenkmäler states that it may well be a later imitation.</p><br>
<p>The crucifix is placed on a red background covered with gold stars. The frame bears a motto in Latin, Salve Crux Pretiosa (Hail, precious cross). According to the local Franciscans, occasionally miracles happen on the site.</p><br>
<h2>St. Salvator church</h2><br>
<p>On top of the Hülfensberg is the St. Salvator church, which was built circa 1360–1367 as a sanctuary, on the remains of an older church (on the south side of the current church, next to the sacristy), dated circa 1000.</p><br>
<p>The oldest document pertaining to the Hülfensberg is a papal deed from 1351, which names the parish St. Salvator auf dem Stuffenberg. A later deed naming the location is dated 30 May 1352; at this time the Hülfensberg belonged to the St. Martin monastery in Heilbad Heiligenstadt, which in turn handed over the patronage to the Cistercian monastery of Anrode in 1357. Pilgrimages to the Hülfenskreuz, found at the church&#39;s Gnadenaltar, started from Anrode.</p><br>
<p>In 1583 the area and its church were transferred to the Archbishopric of Mainz, and remained Catholic during the Protestant Reformation. In the course of time, the St. Salvator church was expanded and renovated a number of times, most notably during the Baroque era. In 1810, the Anrode monastery was dissolved by Jérôme Bonaparte and sold, with all its possessions, to Franz Just Wedemeyer, of the Wedemeyer family, making the Hülfensberg private property. Eleven years later, Wedemeyer gave the top of the mountain, with its church, to the bishop. In 1890, the church was again expanded, in a neo-Gothic style, by Franciscan architect Paschalis Gratze. The original Boniface chapel, adjacent to the church, was torn down and rebuilt on a different location; the foundation of the old chapel was the base for the new apse, with altar and choir. In 1984, while the church was located in East-Germany, the roof on a church tower was renovated with materials paid for in West-German money through Genex, the East-German commercial exchange.</p><br>
<h2>Boniface chapel</h2><br>
<p>Next to the church is a chapel dedicated to Saint Boniface, built in 1903 on the foundations of an earlier chapel. According to local legend, this is where Boniface cut down a Donar Oak, a sacred, pagan tree, in the early 8th century. This legend is based on the proximity of the village Geismar, a place mentioned in the Boniface vitae—but, scholars agree now, this is in reference to another Geismar, now a part of Fritzlar in northern Hesse.</p><br>
<p>Another legend says that Boniface stood on the top of the Hülfensberg and said, Wann wird endlich Frieden schweben über dieser schönen Aue ("when will peace at last hover over this lovely forest?"). Folk etymology derived from his supposed words the local place names Wanfried, Frieda (in Meinhard), Schwebda (likewise in Meinhard), and Aue (in Wanfried).</p><br>
<h2>Franciscan monastery</h2><br>
<p>Franciscans founded a monastery (the oldest in the Eichsfeld area), also named Hülfensberg, on top of the mountain; on 16 April 1860, two priests and two lay brothers dedicated the monastery—originally, these were to found a new sanctuary at Klüschen Hagis, with the Hülfensberg being nothing but a provisional church.</p><br>
<p>During the Kulturkampf, the monastery was forced to close for twelve years. When in May 1952 the East-German government strengthened the nearby border and its Sperrzone (which placed the Hülfensberg inside the protected zone), the monastery and the church suffered a steep drop in attendance.</p><br>
<p>As of 2011, four Franciscans live in the monastery, which belongs to the German Franciscan province of St. Elisabeth, whose seat is in Munich.</p><br>
<h2>Dr. Konrad Martin Kreuz</h2><br>
<p>Konrad Martin, Bishop of Paderborn from 1856 to 1875, was born in nearby Geismar. In his honor, a steel cross was erected on top of the Hülfensberg In March 1990, after the Unification of Germany, a plaque was dedicated at the foot of the cross to remember the "victims of the fascist and stalinist dictatorship".</p><br>
<p>The Civilian Conservation Corps Powder Magazine in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, was used in the 1930s to store explosives for use by Civilian Conservation Corps laborers in the construction of improvements to the park. Much of the CCC&#39;s work in the park involved the quarrying of sandstone blocks and slabs, which required explosives. The magazine was built about 1938 in association with CCC Camp NM-2, later called NP-6, located to the west of Fruita at Chimney Rock. The Fruita ranger station and the powder magazine are the only structures remaining from the CCC tenure in the park.</p><br>
<p>The magazine consists of a single room, partially built into a hillside. Walls are native red sandstone, coursed, with a stone slab for a roof. The building measures 10.5 ft by 7.5 ft, with a dirt floor.</p><br>
<p>The magazine was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1999.</p><br>
<p>Cady-Lee is an historic house located in the Takoma neighborhood in Washington, D.C. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1975 as the Lucinda Cady House. The house is named for Lucinda Cady and her daughter Mary Lee who both owned the house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry and Lucinda Cady moved to Takoma Park from Ashland, Virginia in 1886. Henry Cady was a real estate and insurance salesman. He sold properties largely in Takoma Park and South Brookland from his office at 520-10th Street, N.W. in Washington. At the time the area had 16 homes and about 100 people. They hired Washington architect Leon Dessez to design their new home. He had previously worked on the Washington Monument and designed the Admiral’s House, now known as Number One Observatory Circle, the official residence of the Vice-President of the United States. Frederick Dudley built the house, which was completed in 1887. Other large homes joined the Cady’s along what was known as Magnolia Street, now Eastern Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The Cady’s moved into their new home with their five children. They hosted services of the Episcopal Church in their home. Together with other Episcopalians in the area they organized Takoma Parish, now Trinity Episcopal Church. They held a concert at their home to help raise the funds for the new church, which was completed in 1893. Lucinda headed the Ladies Guild at the church for 16 years.</p><br>
<p>Henry Cady died in 1906 and Lucinda remained in the house until her death in 1934. Her daughter Mary, who was a school teacher, inherited the home and she and her husband B.K. Lee had electricity and indoor plumbing installed. The house became known as Cady-Lee at the time. Mary had little money in later years to update the house and created an apartment for herself on the main floor of the house after her husband’s death. She invited relatives to move into the rooms on the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>Mary Lee died in 1973. By this time the other large homes along Eastern Avenue were torn down and replaced by garden apartments. The Cady-Lee was also targeted for demolition. Members of the community rallied to save the home and it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 28, 1975. It was the beginning of creating the Takoma Park Historic District in both Maryland and the District of Columbia, which was added to the National Register in 1983. Gerald and Sandra Kurtinitis bought the house for $68,000 the same year. They started to renovate the Cady-Lee room by room. They sold the house in 2000 to Frances Phipps who specialized in house rescues. She also had the financial means to finish the project. She did not intend to live in the house herself and looked for a non-profit agency to take it over. The Forum for Youth Investment bought the house in 2002 and now uses it for their offices. The upper floors and lower-level house the Forum staff and equipment. The first floor provides meeting space for Forum events and other non-profits.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Cady-Lee was designed in the Shingle Style that was popular on the east coast of the United States in the 1880s. The three-story structure is asymmetrical in design and is built over a basement. It contains 22 rooms, has 50 windows, 12-foot ceilings, seven gables and turreted sleeping porch. The main façade is dominated by a tower-like bay on the northeast corner. On the second story the dormer and the gable ends are covered in scalloped shaped shingles. They extend down the house to form the porch and veranda roofs. The roofline is varied and reflects the Shingle Style. It consists of gables and cross gables that are topped by finials and two brick chimneys with corbelled chimney caps.</p><br>
<p>The interior features carved oak moldings and a two-story oak staircase where a Tiffany-style stained glass window is located. It also houses six original fireplace mantels. The foyer on the first floor leads to a library with carved bookcases and a front parlor with an original cheery wood mantel and over-mantel. The dining room has a Chinese Chippendale style mantel. It also contains a decorative radiator that the Smithsonian Institution says is one of the few left of its kind. A kitchen, with a cast-iron wood-burning stove, and a morning room, with a hand painted mural of an English garden, are in the back of the first floor. The second floor contains five large rooms, of which one has a working fireplace, and a bath. The third floor contains six rooms, a kitchen and a bath.</p><br>
<p>The former Chester Royal Infirmary is in City Walls Road, Chester, Cheshire, England. The original hospital building is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hospital was founded in 1755 following a bequest by Dr William Stratford, who had died two years earlier. It was funded by public subscriptions, and was free to patients who were recommended by the subscribers. Over the years, extensions were built, and by 1902 the hospital had 118 beds. The appellation "Royal" was added in 1914 when George V opened the Albert Wood wing, which contained six new wards. This wing was designed by W. T. and P. H. Lockwood, as was a further extension in 1931. During the 1990s patients were transferred to new facilities provided by the Countess of Chester Hospital, and the infirmary closed. Other than the original building, all the later extensions were demolished in 1998. The original hospital building has been converted into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The hospital is constructed in brown brick with stone dressings and has grey-green slate roofs. The entrance front faces City Walls Road. North and south wings stretch back to join an east wing to form a courtyard; these wings contained the wards. The entrance front has two storeys plus cellars; the wards have three storeys plus attics and basements. The entrance front is in seven bays. A porch projects from the centre of the ground floor. It has two Doric columns, and supports the middle three bays of the upper storey that form a canted projection. Above the porch is a floor band and a segmental pediment. Each bay of the upper storey contains a sash window, that in the middle bay having a round-headed arch painted with "ERECTED 1761". Above the windows is a frieze and a pedimented gable with a plaque inscribed "INFIRMARY". Elsewhere all the windows are sashes, or French windows leading to balconies that have been removed.</p><br>
<p>The Hanks Dugouts are a series of pioneer dwellings in southern Utah, in what is now Capitol Reef National Park. The dugouts were constructed as temporary housing for the Ephraim K. Hanks family, Mormon pioneers who established the now-vanished Floral Ranch on Pleasant Creek in April 1883. The remains of three dugouts and one other structure remain at the site. All above-ground construction has collapsed. The dugouts were abandoned in 1888 when the Hanks built a four-room frame house, although the homestead claim of Hanks&#39; widow claims that a one-room log house was built at the time of settlement. The site includes debris such as ceramic and glass, and pieces of a wagon. The settlement reflects a typical early Mormon homestead of the time.</p><br>
<p>The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Patterson Mansion  is a historic Neoclassical-style mansion located at 15 Dupont Circle NW in Washington, D.C., in the United States. It was built by Robert Wilson Patterson, editor of the Chicago Tribune newspaper, and used by him and his family for entertaining when he was in the city. Completed in 1903, it was deeded to the American Red Cross in 1948. The Red Cross sold it to the Washington Club in 1951. The structure was renovated and a small, two-story addition added in 1955. As of December 2013, the property was up for sale after plans to convert it into a boutique hotel fell through. In June 2014, the Washington Club sold the Mansion for $20 Million to developer SB-Urban. The Washington Club sold the property because "it is disbanding and no longer needs the space, according to John Matteo, an attorney at Jackson & Campbell, who represented the club in the sale."</p><br>
<p>The mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 5, 1972. and the Massachusetts Avenue Historic District (added to the National Register in 1974).</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<h3>The Dupont Circle site</h3><br>
<p>Washington, D.C., was founded in 1789. The L&#39;Enfant Plan established the route of Massachusetts Avenue in the city, and called for the construction of a traffic circle named "Pacific Circle" where Dupont Circle is today. Massachusetts Avenue ended a short distance after passing Sheridan Circle until a bridge over Rock Creek was completed in 1904. Much of Massachusetts Avenue NW passed through marshy areas that restricted development, and this included the area around Dupont Circle. After the American Civil War, several large mansions were built around Dupont Circle as much of the area was still forested and afforded privacy.</p><br>
<p>In 1871, major development began around Dupont Circle. That year, a group of mine owners from the Western United States, led by Curtis J. Hillyer and Senator William Morris Stewart, purchased $600,000 of land around Dupont Circle. A large number of palatial residences, including Stewarts Castle, were soon constructed on and around the circle. In response to this politically influential groups demands, the city made major improvements to Massachusetts Avenue NW and to Connecticut Avenue NW. The traffic circle at the intersection of Massachusetts and Connecticut, enclosed by a rough wooden fence since the 1860s, saw major improvements. The circle was landscaped, pedestrian paths laid, and drinking fountains and gas street lighting added. Known as "Pacific Circle", it was renamed Dupont Circle in 1882 when the site was chosen for a statue to Admiral Samuel Francis Du Pont that was erected in 1884.</p><br>
<h3>Building the house</h3><br>
<p>On March 30, 1900, Robert Wilson Pattersons wife, Elinor "Nellie" Medill Patterson, purchased the lot at 15 Dupont Circle for $83,406 ($ in dollars) from a Mrs. Anna Howell Stewart. Mrs. Patterson hired the noted architect Stanford White, who designed the Pattersons home in Chicago, to develop plans for the house. They were finalized in April 1901. The George A. Fuller Company began construction in June 1901. The home was nearly completed 18 months later. But on November 15, 1902, four days before her son Joseph&#39;s wedding to Alice Higinbotham, paint cans in the attic of the north wing of the house caught fire. Although the house suffered fire and water damage, it was repaired and the entire structure house completed by January 1903.</p><br>
<p>Estimated to cost $85,000 ($ in dollars), its final cost was $200,000 ($ in dollars).</p><br>
<p>Although the Pattersons moved into the home in January 1903, the first party to which large members of the public were invited was not held until February 1904, when Nellie Patterson hosted a gigantic cotillion ball for social debut of her daughter, Eleanor Josephine Medill "Cissy" Patterson.</p><br>
<h2>History of the house</h2><br>
<p>From 1902 to 1922, Nellie Patterson kept a full staff of about 10 to 15 servants, dressed in livery, to provide services to the family and guests at the Patterson Mansion. Her husband, Robert Wilson Patterson, died in 1910.</p><br>
<p>Nellie Patterson spent less and less time in the Dupont Circle mansion over the years, preferring her long-time home in Chicago. She became morbidly obese, then suffered a heart attack and lost a significant amount of weight. In September 1922, Cissy Patterson (herself spending more time at her other homes and abroad) allowed her daughter, Felicia, and her new husband, Drew Pearson, to take up residence in the mansion. Nellie Patterson vacated 15 Dupont Circle for good in 1923, never to return, and deeded the property to Cissy that same year. Although Cissy formally took up residence there in 1923, she spent most of her time elsewhere. The house was barely occupied from 1923 to 1929, as the Pearsons left for Asia in 1925 and never returned to the home. Cissy Patterson&#39;s divorce from her first husband, Count Josef Gizycki, was finalized in 1917. She married New York City lawyer Elmer Schlesinger in 1925, but used the mansion little in the years afterward.</p><br>
<p>The Patterson Mansion was the home of President Calvin Coolidge and his wife, Grace Coolidge in 1927. The White House needed extensive renovation which rendered it unliveable while construction occurred. In February 1927, Cissy Patterson offered them the use of her empty home. The Coolidges stayed in the house from March 4, 1927, to June 13, 1927, after which they left for an extended vacation in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Mrs. Coolidge found the rooms, which slanted slightly due to the odd shape of the lot, cramped. She felt the house was far better designed when it came to entertaining.</p><br>
<p>From June 10 to June 12, 1927, Charles Lindbergh was a guest of the Coolidges at the Patterson Mansion upon his triumphant return from France after his non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean piloting the aircraft Spirit of St. Louis. Lindberghs mother, Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh, also stayed in the mansion during this time. The house was besieged by crowds every day he spent in the nations capital. On June 11, Lindbergh appeared three times at the second floor balcony to wave and briefly speak to the crowd. Some of the most iconic photos of Lindbergh were taken during his balcony appearances.</p><br>
<p>After Cissy Patterson reoccupied the mansion full-time in 1929, it became a center of social life in Washington, D.C. The home was decorated in Patterson&#39;s unique style. This included the heads and pelts of 13 big-game animals (deer, moose, mountain lion, and mountain goat, and others) hanging on the walls of the main staircase. The ballroom was decorated in the Louis Quinze style, with a life-size portrait of Nellie Patterson and furniture in blue, pink, and white colors. The walls of the second floor dining room were painted a deep red, and the furniture was mahogany. The second floor library was lined with bookcases and decorated with Chinese artwork. In front of each bedroom suite fireplace on the third and fourth floors were an animal skin rug. The second floor bedroom suite in the northeast corner of the house was painted in red.</p><br>
<p>Cissy Patterson originally willed the house to her daughter, Felicia. But after a family argument in 1942, Cissy changed her will and asked that the mansion be donated to the League of Republican Women of the District of Columbia. She changed her mind again in 1946 and left it to the American Red Cross.</p><br>
<h3>Post-Patterson owners</h3><br>
<p>Cissy Patterson died on July 24, 1948. Her will donated the building and most of its furnishings to the American Red Cross (ARC). (Family portraits and silverware were not included.) Cissys daughter, Felicia Gizycka (who had divorced Pearson and taken her fathers last name), received an income of $25,000 a year; a house and property in Port Washington, New York; property in North Dakota; and a substantial amount of jewelry, paintings, furnishings, and family heirlooms.</p><br>
<p>Felicia Gizycka challenged the will on September 13, 1948. Gizycka claimed it was not the last will signed by her mother, that Cissy was of unsound mind and under undue influence, and that the witnesses had not signed the will correctly. Over the next few months, the case took a number of twists and turns, including the suicide of a former beneficiary, an alleged break-in at the Gizycka home, and a number of accusations made by both sides in the dispute. Seven previous wills and two current codicils were discovered. The existence of so many other wills (all of which pre-dated the 1946 will), none of which substantially benefitted Felicia Gizycka, led to extensive legal maneuvers. A trial was set for January 18, 1949, and then moved to February 9. On January 28, 1949, a settlement in the case was reached by the parties. Under the new agreement, Felicia Gizycka received $400,000 from the estate (with the heavy state and federal inheritance and income taxes paid by the estate), along with the New York and North Dakota properties. In return, she gave up the right to inherit personal property, which would be used to help pay taxes. The settlement did not disturb the provisions of the will donating the Patterson Mansion and its contents to the Red Cross, but did allow the will to be probated and the deed transferred.</p><br>
<p>The Red Cross, however, had no use for the Patterson Mansion. The organization had a magnificent structure, the Neoclassical American Red Cross National Headquarters at 430 17th Street NW (completed in 1917), which served as its national headquarters. Furthermore, on July 1, 1947, Congress enacted legislation (P.L. 100-637) donating federal land along the north side of E Street NW between 20th and 21st Streets for a new District of Columbia Chapter headquarters. The national organization had already committed $700,000 to build this structure.</p><br>
<p>The Red Cross decided to sell the mansion instead. It opened the house to the public in April 1949 to build public interest in a forthcoming auction of the home&#39;s many furnishings. The auction raised little interest. The Red Cross put the building and its furnishings up for sale in November 1949 with a $700,000 asking price ($ in dollars).</p><br>
<p>The property lingered on the market until the Washington Club, a private womens club, bought the Patterson Mansion on January 11, 1951. The purchase price was not immediately disclosed, but later was discovered to be just $450,000 ($ in dollars). The club rented out the second and third floor bedrooms and their associated suites of rooms to club members. The third reception room, once Felicia Gizyckas bedroom and known as the Countess Room, was renamed the "Dorothy Betts Marvin Room" in honor of Washington Club president Dorothy Marvin, wife of George Washington University president Cloyd H. Marvin.</p><br>
<p>In 1956, the Washington Club constructed a two-story addition on the east side of the Patterson Mansion. The windows on the first and second floor on the east side were walled up, and three new doors cut on the first floor to provide access to the addition. Two doors were cut on the second floor. A butler&#39;s pantry, kitchen prep area, toilet, elevator entrance hall, and banquet hall were built on the ground floor. Stairwells were added on the four corners of the addition. A reception room and small toilet were constructed on the south end of the second of the addition, while a large auditorium occupied the central section. A stage, dressing rooms, and storage area were built on the north end of the second floor.</p><br>
<h3>2013 sale</h3><br>
<p>The Washington Club put the Patterson Mansion up for sale in the summer of 2013 with a $26 million asking price. French Quarter Hospitality agreed to purchase the property on October 20, 2013, provided it won approval for renovation and expansion of the property from relevant local government authorities. French Quarter hired Studio 3877 Architects to design a six-story addition to wrap around the rear of the structure. Plans by the company called for the Patterson Mansion&#39;s first two floors to be turned into a bar, lounges, and a restaurant, and the two upper floors to become hotel rooms. The two-story addition, the company said, would be torn down. Historic preservationists applauded the move, which would have preserved the original floor plan and opened up much of the historic mansion to the public.</p><br>
<p>The District of Columbia Historic Preservation Review Board ruled on November 9, 2013, that the original mansion was historic, but declined to give historic protection to the 1956 addition. This removed a major obstacle to the demolition of the 1956 addition. The sale to French Quarter fell through in early December 2013 after the Historic Preservation Review Board denied approval for the six-story addition, saying it would destroy the historic character of the mansion. The Dupont Current newspaper reported on December 11 that another buyer had emerged, but no details were provided (although the property was rumored to be turned into an embassy or luxury condominiums).</p><br>
<p>In February 2014, real estate developer SB-Urban agreed to buy the Patterson Mansion if the city approved its plan to subdivide the structure into "micro-unit" apartments (units 400 ft&sup2; or smaller). The buildings ballrooms and other spaces would become common areas. SB-Urban said it, too, wanted to tear down the non-historic addition. It proposed a seven-story new addition as well, but its addition would have uniform floors and be distant enough from the mansion that there would a "visual separation" from it. The Historic Preservation Review Board approved SB-Urbans design for an eight-story addition in late February 2014 after finding that revised designs provided enough visual distinction between the existing building and the to-be-constructed addition. SB-Urban obtained a $31 million investment from CBD LLC, a District-based real estate investment firm, in August 2015. The two companies, which formed a joint venture to renovate the mansion, said they planned 92 mini-apartments for the site, with shared living space, an on-site chef providing meals, meeting space, a private wine cellar, and a fully staffed private bar in the mansion&#39;s ballroom. Hartman-Cox Architects is designing the renovation and addition.</p><br>
<p>The Ampeer Dupont Circle apartments opened in 2017.</p><br>
<h2>About the building</h2><br>
<h3>The exterior</h3><br>
<p>The mansion is in the Neoclassical style, with exterior Italianate decorative motifs. Some sources call it Italianate in style rather than Neoclassical.</p><br>
<p>The building is set on a polygonal lot. It is 128 ft on the P Street (south) side, 64 ft on the curved Dupont Circle side (southwest), 164 ft on the northwest side, and 132 ft on the east side. The building faces southwest, and a semi-elliptical concrete driveway connects P Street and Dupont Circle to provide access to the main entrance. The driveway creates a small forecourt.</p><br>
<p>The building is four stories high, with a basement. It is 60 ft high from sidewalk to roof ridgeline. The main entrance is set back from the southwest corner, at an obtuse angle. It is a loggia one bay wide and 8 ft deep. The Dupont Circle and P Street sides are both three bays wide and 39 ft in length. The east wall is 83 ft in length. The rest of the building consists of walls set at an obtuse angle, perpendicular, or parallel to an east–west axis. The foundations consist of concrete footings and slab.</p><br>
<p>The first floor exterior wall consists of limestone quoins</p><br>
<p>The entrance is reached by three limestone steps. The architrave of the entrance loggia is topped by a fruit-and-swag draped escutcheon. Smooth, variegated marble double-columns, topped by composite capitals, stand above the architrave. The entrance originally featured French doors, but were replaced by black enameled doors decorative by bas-relief wreaths.</p><br>
<p>The second-floor balcony is framed on either end by pilasters decorated with candelabra.</p><br>
<p>The third floor balcony is reached through French doors (framed with slit windows) as well. It features a low balustrade of turned granite interrupted by pedestals, which are decorated with variegated marble panels. The placement of the pedestals mimics the pillars and pilasters below. The two bay windows on either side of the balcony feature the same torches, swag, putti, panels, and molding similar to the rest of the third floor. Above the French doors is a large oval estucheon with fruit-and-drapery swag which mimics the estucheon over the doors to the loggia. A standing putto over each slit window supports the swag.</p><br>
<p>All exterior walls are faced with white marble over stone. All windows are double-hung. The first floor windows feature black wrought iron grillwork. The fourth floor windows have no decorative exterior elements.</p><br>
<h3>The interior: First floor</h3><br>
<p>The interior is constructed of load-bearing brick walls. The lighting is electric, and the heating system is gravity-rise.</p><br>
<p>The northwest wing was angled to align with Dupont Circle, while the rest of the house (south wing, center, northeast wing) was on a north–south axis perpendicular to P Street NW. The vestibule behind the loggia was on a northeast–southwest axis, and flanked on both sides by toilets—one of which was accessible by the billiard room to the northwest and the other by the reception hall to the southeast. The entrance hall was floored with polished terrazzo bordered by white marble. The ceiling was white plaster, and the walls were white plaster with a 6 in high wooden baseboard. The billiard room was access by a door in the west wall, and in the north-northwest corner was a door leading to a cloakroom.</p><br>
<p>The first floor reception hall had white plaster walls and ceiling, carpeted floors, and a 6 in high wooden baseboard. A fireplace existed in the west wall.</p><br>
<p>The billiard was similar to the reception hall, although it featured a dado rail 2 ft off the floor. Its walls were wood paneling (into which built-in bookcases were added after 1951). It featured a chimney in the south wall. This fireplace was much plainer than those in the rest of the house, and its mantel consisted of a sand-cast concrete mantel in the Georgian style.</p><br>
<p>The mainstaircase was flanked by smooth, variegated marble columns in antis. Ten marble steps lead up to a landing. In the east wall of the intermediate landing is a fountain. The stairs diverge at the intermediate landing, with nine more steps on the north and south leading to the second floor landing. The stringer, risers, and treads are all made of marble. The banister is of cast iron in a rinceau and cartouche pattern, with a handrail encased in red velvet.</p><br>
<p>The staircase fountain is made of white marble with grey and tan veins. The semi-circular bowl is supported by an eagle with outspread wings. Water pours from the mouth of a faun, above which is perched a swan in bas-relief. Decorated pilasters on either side of the fountain support a plain freize, above which is an inset fan capped by an acroterion.</p><br>
<h3>The interior: Second floor</h3><br>
<p>The second floor layout is much simpler than the first floor. Ceilings throughout the floor are 12 ft high. The main staircase led to a foyer with a wood parquet floor in a herringbone pattern. The walls were plaster panels, separated by fluted marble pilasters on wood pedestals. The ceiling is white plaster with decorative moldings.</p><br>
<p>In the northwest corner was the library, accessed by double-panel wood doors with carved wood moldings around it. The flooring was similar to that of the foyer, and the ceiling of plaster. The walls were plaster, with a 7.5 in wooden baseboard and a dado rail at 3 ft. The room was originally lined with bookcases. A fireplace with marble hearth and mantel, surrounded by exquisite marble and plaster moldings, was in the northwest wall.</p><br>
<p>In the foyer, to the right of the door leading to the library, was a set of plain marble stairs with an intermediate landing and single turn which lead to the third floor. Behind the steps was a conservatory with a bay window facing northwest. From the intermediate landing, a door in the northeast wall gave out onto an orchestra balcony overlooking the ballroom. The base of the balcony is decorated with corbels, plaster drapery, and guttae.</p><br>
<p>The ballroom occupied the entire north wing. It was accessed via the foyer through glass doors. The ballroom ceiling was plaster. Its flooring was oak parquetry in a herringbone pattern with plaster walls, a 6 in wooden baseboard, and a dado rail at 3 ft. Flanking the doors, chimney, and windows and in the corners of the room were marble pilasters on wooden pedestals.</p><br>
<p>Behind the main stairs was a shaft, allowing the skylight to shine down to the first floor, and another butler&#39;s pantry.</p><br>
<p>A dining room occupied the south part of the second floor. Its flooring consisted of 6 by square flame maple wood parquetry, with a 5.5 in wooden baseboard, and a dado rail at 3 ft. Its walls and ceiling were plaster, with a decorative molding around the ceiling. The doors were similar to those of the library, and in the east wall was a fireplace with iron firebox and marble mantel in the Georgian style. The room was lit by six mirror-backed cystal wall sconces with three crystal torch-arms. A single 12-light crystal chandelier with two hidden light tiers and an elaborate brass canopy hung from the ceiling.</p><br>
<h3>The interior: Third and fourth floors</h3><br>
<p>Bedroom suites occupied the second and third floors. Each suite consisted of a bedroom, dressing room, and bathroom. There were three suites on the third floor, and one on the fourth floor.</p><br>
<h3>Changes to the original building</h3><br>
<p>The building has undergone modest internal changes since its construction. Almost all previous owners have made changes.</p><br>
<p>In 1927, the Washington Post reported that the house had 30 rooms and 10 bathrooms. This does not appear to have changed by the time of Cissy Pattersons death, as there were still 40 rooms in 1948. Although the northeast room on the first floor was originally a billiard room, by 1927 Cissy Patterson had changed it into a small library. Cissy Pattersons changes also include extending the wine cellar outward beneath the driveway by a distance of 10 ft in 1917. In March 1935, she hired the Otis Elevator Company to install an elevator and had the electrical power switched to AC from DC.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Club also made many changes to the house. Renovations included adding new doors, removing old doors to create portals, and new wiring, plumbing, plastering, and carpeting. In order to allow club members to use the upper bedrooms as private apartments, the staircase from the second floor foyer to the third floor was partitioned off. An exterior concrete stair leading from the former conservatory to the ground floor (for use as a fire escape) was also added. The garage was partitioned, an elevator added just inside the garage doors, and toilets added against the shared wall with the first floor billiard room (which now became the library). The first floor servants hall was partitioned as well to create an office and corridor. The second floor library was turned into a drawing room and its plaster walls covered over with walnut paneling. Felicia Grizyckas bedroom suite on third floor was turned into reception/board room.</p><br>
<p>Most significantly, the Washington Club closed off all the east wall windows on first and second floors. A two-story addition was constructed on the east side in 1956. New doors were cut through the walls on the first floor from the servants hall and kitchen, and the east wall of the pantry removed to provide access to the addition. On the second floor, new doors were cut from the butlers pantry and south of the fireplace in the ballroom. Another door was cut in the north wall near the northeastern corner to provide access to a new exterior concrete fire escape stairs. A dining room and foyer were constructed on the first floor of the addition, and a meeting room and reception room on second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Club did not, however, alter the main marble staircase, its wrought iron balustrade with red velvet banister, or the fountain on intermediate landing between the first and second floors.</p><br>
<p>The Patterson Mansion was renovated again in 1985. The renovation was overseen by Oerhlein & Associates Architects.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, SB-Urban and Rooney Properties joined forces to renovate and expand the Patterson House and turn it into 92 apartment units. Manhattan Construction Company is the project’s general contractor. Hartman-Cox Architects is the architect, with Darryl Carter Inc. as interior designer.</p><br>
<p>The Three Sisters Island or Three Sisters Islands are three small and rocky granite islands, with a collective land area of 2 hectare, located in the Bass Strait, lying 500 m off the north coast of Tasmania, Australia, between the towns of Penguin and Ulverstone.</p><br>
<p>The islands are steep-sided. Their vegetation of sparse coastal scrub is largely limited to their summits. Because landings are difficult owing to the lack of beaches and safe anchoring points they are little affected by human visitation and disturbance, although Australian fur seals haul-out on the lowest of them. Along with the neighbouring Goat Island, they are part of the 37 hectare Three Sisters – Goat Island Nature Reserve.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The island group has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because, with up to 400 breeding pairs, it supports over 1% of the world population of black-faced cormorants. Pacific gulls and sooty oystercatchers breed there every year in small numbers, and Caspian terns have nested there. White-bellied sea-eagles forage around the islands.</p><br>
<p>Highland Hall, also known as the Courthouse Annex, is a historic school building located at Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pennsylvania. It was designed by noted Philadelphia architect Samuel Sloan  and built about 1865. It is a four-story, "T" shaped stone building measuring 150 feet wide and 160 feet deep. It features a mansard roof, characteristic of the Second Empire style. It was originally built to serve as a Presbyterian seminary for both sexes. It became a female academy and officially named Highland Hall in 1911. It continued to be used as a girls&#39; school until 1940. It became a county office building in 1969.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Highland Hall will soon be turned into a 65 and older housing facility.</p><br>
<p>Downtown Altoona Historic District is a national historic district located at Altoona, Blair County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 240 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Altoona. The buildings were primarily built after about 1860 and include residential, civic, social, and religious buildings. Although it does not encompass the entire downtown, it is for the most part the most urban part of Altoonas downtown district . Notable buildings include the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament , First Methodist Episcopal Church, First Presbyterian Church, First Evangelical Lutheran Church , USA Post Office , Fraternal Order of Eagles Building, Altoona City Hall, Casanave Building , Hutchison Block, McCrorys Department Store , and Aaron-Penn Furniture Building. Located in the district are the separately listed Central Trust Company Buildings, Mishler Theatre, and Penn Alto Hotel.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992, with a boundary increase in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Etna Furnace, also known as Mount Etna Furnace, Aetna Furnace, and Aetna Iron Works, is a historic iron furnace complex and national historic district located at Catharine Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania. The district includes five contributing buildings, six contributing sites, and two contributing structures. It encompasses a community developed around an iron furnace starting in 1805. Included in the district is the four-sided stone furnace , gristmill site , canal locks , site of lock keepers house , aqueduct , two small houses, the ruins of a charcoal house , the foundation of a tally house, a blacksmith shop , bank barn , foundation of a boarding house, three family tenant house, two iron master mansions , a store and paymaster&#39;s office , Methodist / Episcopal Church , and cemetery with graves dating between 1832 and 1859.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, with a boundary increase in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Hollidaysburg Historic District is a national historic district located at Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 426 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Hollidaysburg. The buildings are primarily frame and brick, with some dating as early as the 1830s. Notable non-residential buildings include the African Methodist Episcopal Church , the King-McClanahan House , Presbyterian Church , Blair County Jail , Condron Opera House , Citizen&#39;s National Bank Building , USA Post Office , and Hollidaysburg Trust Company Building . Located in the district and separately listed are the Blair County Courthouse and Highland Hall.</p><br>
<p>Before permission is granted for exterior modifications to structures within the district, they must first be reviewed by the Historic Architecture Review Board (HARB). Seven members serve on the HARB, each of whom are appointed by the Hollidaysburg Borough Council to serve a three year term. Board members must also be a member of the Historic Preservation Commission, but may be non-residents of the Borough.</p><br>
<p>Roaring Spring Historic District is a national historic district located at Roaring Spring, Blair County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 573 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 2 contributing structures in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Roaring Spring. The earliest buildings date to the 1860s, when the community was founded as the regions first paper mill town. The buildings are primarily frame and brick, with notable examples of Colonial Revival and Queen Anne style architecture. Notable non-residential buildings include the Odd Fellows Hall , Hites Furniture Store , Roaring Spring Bank , old Borough Building and Fire Station , Zook Building , Bare Memorial Church of God , Trinity United Methodist Church , Blank Book Company buildings, and Roaring Spring Passenger Station . Also located in the district are the Bare Memorial Fountain  and Greenlawn Cemetery and Memorial Park.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Tyrone Borough Historic District is a national historic district located at Tyrone, Blair County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 349 contributing buildings and 2 contributing structures in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Tyrone. The earliest buildings date to the 1850s, when the community was expanded as a junction town for the Pennsylvania Railroad. The buildings are primarily frame and brick, with notable examples of Late Victorian style architecture. Notable non-residential buildings include the Garman Building , Hiller Building , I.O.O.F Building, Jones Building , White House Bed and Breakfast , and St. Matthews Catholic Church . Also located in the district are a railroad bed and viaduct  and road bridge at East 10th Street and Blair Avenue . Located in the district and separately listed is the Tyrone Armory.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>St Matthews Tyrone PA.jpgSt. Matthews</p><br>
<p>Lincoln at 10th Tyrone PA.jpgHouse at 10th and Lincoln Streets</p><br>
<p>Williamsburg Historic District is a national historic district located at Williamsburg, Blair County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 362 contributing buildings and 6 contributing structures in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Williamsburg. The earliest buildings date to the 1830s, when the community was expanded as a canal town along the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal. The buildings are primarily frame and brick, with notable examples of Federal and Late Victorian style architecture. Notable non-residential buildings include the Schwab Hotel , Hollidaysburg Trust Company , Presbyterian Church , Zion Lutheran Church , Church of the Brethren , Williamsburg High School , and Community Elementary School . Also located in the district are Presbyterian , Methodist , Lutheran , and Lutheran and German Reformed  cemeteries; Big Spring; and the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal and Pennsylvania Railroad right-of-way.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Williamsburg Historic District (Williamsburg, Pennsylvania) W 2nd St.jpgW. Second St.</p><br>
<p>Saint Paul African Union Methodist Church is an historic structure located in the Navy Yard section of Washington, D.C., United States. It is the only congregation in the District of Columbia of the oldest incorporated, independent African- American denomination in the country. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The African Union Methodist Protestant Church congregation that became Saint Paul&#39;s began as a prayer group in 1900. The church was designed by R.C. Archer, Jr., who was the second licensed African American architect in Washington. It was his first church commission in the city. The Gothic Revival style building was completed in 1924. Saint Paul’s is the only church that survives from a predominately working-class African American neighborhood in the Navy Yard area. It is also one of the area’s last surviving buildings from the first part of the 20th century. In the 1940s 700 units of public housing was built in the area and in the early 21st century mixed income townhomes have replaced the rest of the historic structures that surrounded the church.</p><br>
<p>Aaronsburg Historic District is a national historic district located at Aaronsburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 277 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 1 contributing object in Aaronsburg. The district is almost exclusively residential with one grocery store and a post office. Among the types of residential building types present are the two deep / sidehall type, English "I"-type, connected or double houses, simple Gothic type, and an eclectic cubic type. Notable dwellings include the Jacob Oliver House , Bollinger House and Shop , Dr. Michael Kloepper House , John Donner House , George Hess House and Shop , and the George Bowersox House .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Aaronsburg PA log house.jpgLog house</p><br>
<p>Aaronsburg PA house.jpg5-bay house</p><br>
<p>Aaronsburg PA Plank house.jpgPlank house</p><br>
<p>Bellefonte Historic District is a national historic district located at Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The district encompasses 296 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential area of Bellefonte. The oldest building in the district is the Col. James Dunlap House dated to 1795. Notable non-residential buildings include the St. John&#39;s Roman Catholic Church, Crider Exchange , Temple Court Building , First National Bank Building, W.F. Reynolds and Co. Bank Building, Garman Opera House, and Pennsylvania Railroad Station. Located in the district and listed separately are the Brockerhoff Hotel, Centre County Courthouse, Gamble Mill, McAllister-Beaver House, and Miles-Humes House. The Bellefonte Academy and the Bush House Hotel were previously listed on the register until they burned to the ground in 2004 and 2006, respectively.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Rebersburg Historic District is a national historic district located at Miles Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 205 contributing buildings in Rebersburg. The district is almost exclusively residential with three churches, a small luncheonette, one grocery store and a post office. Among the types of residential building types present are the row house, connected or double houses, Continental four-over-four, Pennsylvania four-over-four, and Victorian Gothic type. Notable dwellings include the Jacob Major John Reynolds House , Robert Tate House , Daniel Walker House , Philip Reitzell Tavern , Colonel Henry Royer House , John Bierly Sr., House , Dr. John J. Hilbish House and Office , Emma J. Royer House , and James E. Ziegler House .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Rebersburg PA Schoolhouse Museum.jpgSchoolhouse Museum</p><br>
<p>Rebersburg PA St Peters UCC Reformed.jpgSt Peters UCC Church</p><br>
<p>Rebersburg PA St Peters Lutheran.jpgSt. Peters Lutheran Church</p><br>
<p>House in Rebersburg PA.jpgHouse</p><br>
<p>USPO Rebersburg PA 16872.jpgPost office</p><br>
<p>Oak Hall Historic District is a national historic district located at College Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 17 contributing buildings and 3 contributing structures in Oak Hall. The district includes the mansion house once owned by General James Irvin, the Irvin stone barn , and grist mill site. The Irvin Mansion was built about 1825, and is a 2 1/2-story, five bay limestone house with a center hall plan and gable roof. It features a mix of Georgian and Late Victorian style details. Associated with the mansion are a small shed, wagon shed / ice house, a smokehouse, and privy. The remains of the grist mill were rebuilt as a residence in 1961. Also in the district are the Johnstonbaugh House , Benjamin Peters House , and Garman House .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Millheim Historic District is a national historic district located at Millheim, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 176 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Millheim. Among the types of residential building types present are the simple "I"-type, Georgian "I"-type, Victorianized "I"-type, connected or double type, gable-end oriented type, bungalow, and eclectic cube type. Notable non-residential buildings include the Millheim School, silk mill , and mill .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Milheim PA Main St.jpgHouse on Main Street</p><br>
<p>Bar Milheim PA.jpgBar on Main Street</p><br>
<p>USPO Milheim PA.jpgPost office</p><br>
<p>Plank house Milheim PA.jpgPlank house</p><br>
<p>Former UCC church Milheim PA.jpgFormer Reformed church</p><br>
<p>Philipsburg Historic District is a national historic district located at Philipsburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 228 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Philipsburg. The oldest house is the John Henry Simler House . Notable non-residential buildings include the Town Hall , USA Post Office , Union Church , St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church , First Presbyterian Church , and New Life Center Church . The contributing sites are two small parks at the center of Philipsburg. Also located in the district are the separately listed Hardman Philips House, Rowland Theater, and Union Church and Burial Ground.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Harris Switch Tower, also known as HG Tower or Harris Tower, is an interlocking tower in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in the United States. The tower was built in 1929 by the Pennsylvania Railroad and remained in operation until it was closed in 1991 by Amtrak. Harris was purchased by the local chapter of the National Railway Historical Society in 1992 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Harris Tower is a two-story, Colonial Revival-structure located at 7th & Walnut Streets in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. It is situated southeast of the Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex and between the State Street Bridge and the Harrisburg Transportation Center. Its Flemish bond brickwork sits atop a partially exposed, concrete foundation; the stories are visually separated by a soldier course.</p><br>
<p>The second floor contains the towers interlocking machine, used to control signals and switches. The Union Switch & Signal Model 14 machine contains many steel bars that interlock with one another to prevent conflicts and sudden changes that could cause a derailment The machine is 24 ft long, 6 ft wide and 4 ft tall. The front has 113 levers which were used to control all of the switches and signals in Harris Towers territory. A 4 ft tall model board is mounted above the machine. More than 450 indicator lamps of the model board show the current position of switches, locations of trains within the interlocking limits, and whether the overhead electric catenary is energized.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Pennsylvania Railroad completed its main line across the Allegheny Mountains, connecting Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, in 1854. By the 1870s, the Pennsylvania had connected New York City to Chicago and St. Louis; consequently, all freight and passenger traffic from New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, D.C., had to pass through Harrisburg before heading west. Harris Tower, then called HG Tower from its call sign when railroad communications were sent via telegraph, was built in 1929. It replaced three nearby towers that had been constructed in 1889. The consolidation reduced the manpower needed to control the 3,300 ft and 15 sets of tracks north of Pennsylvania Station from 21 to 12. Harris Tower was put into service on April 26, 1930.</p><br>
<p>Some of the tracks controlled by Harris were removed, and the model board revised, when a new engine terminal was built in conjunction with the electrification of the line between Harrisburg and Philadelphia in 1938. The territory controlled by Harris Tower marked the western end of the electrification of the Pennsylvania Railroad&#39;s passenger lines. The engine terminal assisted in the switching of electric locomotives to steam or diesel locomotives for the trip west of Harrisburg. The Pennsylvania merged with the New York Central Railroad in 1968 to form Penn Central. In 1971, Amtrak took over intercity passenger service from Penn Central and also took possession of many ex-Pennsylvania Railroad tracks and facilities, including Harris Tower. Penn Central was taken over by Conrail in 1976. Conrail modernized its signalling control system in 1989 and consolidated it into a centralized traffic control facility located north of Harrisburg. Consequently, Harris Tower was reduced to controlling only four Amtrak trains a day. Amtrak combined the functions of Harris Tower with the nearby State Tower located in the Harrisburg Transportation Center on November 15, 1991, and closed the tower.</p><br>
<h3>Current operations</h3><br>
<p>On July 24, 1992, the Harrisburg chapter of the National Railway Historical Society purchased Harris Tower from Amtrak. The chapter opened the tower to the public as a museum, as well as allow visitors to operate the interlocking machine. Instead of controlling a network of signals and switches, it is connected to a computer which simulates train movements through the interlocking. The simulation uses Pennsylvania Railroad timetables from the early 1940s when the rail traffic at the tower was busiest. The tower is popular with railfans as an observation point for the numerous Amtrak and Norfolk Southern trains that regularly pass it. The tower was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 30, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Borax Works in Death Valley, California was established near Bennetts Well in 1882 by Isidore Daunet, J.M. McDonald, M. Harmon and C.C. Blanch to mine the borate deposits that Daunet discovered there in 1880. The partnership established the first borax works in the valley. Partly refined borax was hauled to Daggett, California through the Panamint Valley using 12-mule teams hauling two wagons. The extraction business operated until 1884 when problems mounted and Daunet took his own life. The property eventually passed to the USA Borax Company, which kept it as a mining reserve, then to Borax Consolidated, Ltd. in 1922. The property was sold to the Death Valley Hotel Company in 1956, and finally to the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>Little remains of the structures but ruins. The works originally included a boiler, a tank for dissolved borax, and open tanks for crystallization of the borax. A stone building stood nearby to house the workers. The boiler fire box remains, along with an earth mound at the site of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Isidore Daunet</h2><br>
<p>Isidore Daunet (b. 1850, d. 1884) was a French emigrant to the United States, who arrived at the age of ten, coming to San Francisco and becoming a prospector at the age of 13. Daunet discovered the borax deposit during a disastrous 1880 crossing of Death Valley, in which three of his companions died, and Daunet survived only by killing one of the party&#39;s animals and drinking its blood. After establishing the borax company in 1882, he fell into business trouble. His wife gave notice of her intention to divorce him, and Daunet was swindled out of $11,000. He committed suicide in May 1884.</p><br>
<p>The site of the borax works was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 1974. The site is within Death Valley National Park.</p><br>
<p>Holmes–Foster–Highlands Historic District is a national historic district located at State College, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 727 contributing buildings in two residential areas of State College; Holmes–Foster and the Highlands. The district reflects the growth and development of State College as an emerging college town. The houses are largely wood frame and reflect a number of popular early-20th-century architectural styles including Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Bungalow. Non-residential buildings include two schools, three churches, a few shops, and the high school football stadium, Memorial Field. Located in the district is the separately listed Camelot.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Farmers High School is a national historic district located on the campus of the Pennsylvania State University in University Park / State College, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 37 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object in the Old Campus area of Penn State. The district includes Old Main , the Faculty Club , Nittany Lion Inn , Recreation Hall , West Halls Complex , University Club , the Presidents Mansion , Pattee Library , Schwab Auditorium , and a number of fraternities, sororities, and classroom buildings. The buildings reflect a number of popular early-20th-century architectural styles including Colonial Revival, Classical Revival, and Georgian Revival. A focal point of the district is the Nittany Lion Shrine .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The M-28–Sand River Bridge is a bridge located on M-28 over the Sand River in Onota Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The M-28–Sand River Bridge was designed by the Michigan State Highway Department in 1939 to carry what was then M-94 over the Sand River. The Alpine Excavating Company of St. Ignace, Michigan, was awarded the construction contract, and soon began work on the substructural excavation. On June 16, 1939, a surge of water from Lake Superior flooded the abutment cofferdams, and extensive repairs had to be made. However, the bridge was completed later that year, and has carried traffic since. A later route change redesignated the roadway as part of M-28.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The bridge carrying M-28 over the Sand River is a medium-span concrete bridge 56 ft long and 40.4 ft wide supported by concrete abutments. The span has a shallow arch, 4 ft thick at the abutments and 1 ft at the center of the span. It has a so-called rigid-frame construction, which was a new development by the highway department at the time the bridge was built. The bridge has concrete and steel guardrails and horizontal Art Moderne scoring on the sidewalls of the abutments. Despite its age, the bridge remains in excellent condition.</p><br>
<p>The Old M-94–Au Train River Bridge is a bridge located on Wolkoff Road over the Au Train River in Au Train Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999,</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Michigan State Highway Department (MSHD) first published standard designs in 1907–1908. Among these standards were plans for steel plate through girder bridges intended for mid-size spans of 30 to 60 ft. This style of girder bridge was used in the state with some moderate frequency between 1908 and 1915, including on this bridge, built in 1914.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built by Alger County or Au Train Township as part of construction work on what was then a secondary road running along the Lake Superior shoreline between Munising and Au Train. A 19th century-syle substructure was used to support the bridge, and the superstructure was fabricated in Milwaukee, Wisconsin by the Worden-Allen Company to the specifications of the MSHD bridge standards. The bridge reportedly cost $35,000.</p><br>
<p>The road along the shore and the Au Train River bridge were later incorporated into M-94, which was redesignated as M-28 in the 1930s. M-28 was later rerouted, leaving the bridge once again on a secondary road. The bridge was later closed to vehicular traffic, and is currently partially blocked by 55-gallon drums and steel railing, limiting it to pedestrian and snowmobile traffic.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Old M-94–Au Train River Bridge uses a 60 ft span MSHD standard through girder bridge design to carry Wolkoff Road over the Au Train River. The structure has a single plate girder span, with a steel stringer approach span on each end. The stringers are supported by concrete abutments and concrete-filled steel cylinder piers. The main span consistes of two 60 ft through girders, joined by four I-beams underneath.</p><br>
<p>Curtin Village, also known as Eagle Ironworks, is a national historic district located at Boggs Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 18 contributing buildings and 3 contributing structures in Curtin. The district includes buildings and structures related to an ironworks dating back to 1810, when founded by Roland Curtin, Sr., father of Andrew Gregg Curtin, and Miles Boggs. The district includes the iron masters mansion , a late-19th century Victorian style dwelling, the Eagle Furnace stack , the remains of a grist mill, a number of workers houses, and an overgrown canal basin. The Eagle Ironworks closed in 1921. The area has been preserved and is operated as the Curtin Village at Eagle Ironworks Historical Site. The historical site is owned by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission and managed by the Roland Curtin Foundation.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Potter–Allison Farm is a historic farm complex and national historic district located at Potter Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The district includes nine contributing buildings and one contributing site in Centre Hall. The district includes the Potter–Allison House, 19th century wood barn, and a variety of outbuildings including a hog barn, equipment buildings, corn crib, stone slaughterhouse, and a springhouse. Also on the property are the remains of milling and tanning operations. The Georgian-style house was built about 1817, with a Victorian addition dating to the 1850s. It is a 2 1/2-story brick dwelling. The property was originally owned and developed by General James Potter , who built a log cabin and grist mill. The property was acquired by the locally prominent Allison family in 1849.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Forest House is in Love Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is a former town house that is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Forest House was built as a town house for the Barnston family of Crewe Hill. The date of its construction in uncertain; one source states 1759, others say in the 1780s. It was at one time "possibly the finest Georgian house in Chester", and a prominent landmark in the city. Only the central block now remains. During the 19th century it was used as auction rooms, then a furniture depository, and following which it was used as a night club.</p><br>
<p>Opened as a Wetherspoon public house on 27/10/2008.</p><br>
<p>Closed as a Wetherspoon public house on 15/05/2016.</p><br>
<p>Opened as a Brew House public house on 03/10/2006.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is constructed in red-brown brick with stone dressings, standing on a stone plinth. It has a grey slate roof. The remaining part of the house consists of two blocks. The block on the corner of Love Street and Forest Street has two storeys and a basement. The west front faces Love Street and has five bays. The lower storey contains a damaged central round-arched doorway, with rusticated jambs, voussoirs, and a triple keystone. To the sides and above the door are sash windows, above which is a broken pediment containing a round window. The south front faces Forest Street. It is in two bays, and also contains sash windows and a broken pediment with a round window. Behind this block rises a larger block of three storeys plus a basement and attic, also with sash windows. The south front has three bays, and a gable containing a round window. The west front has a rectangular chimney of 14 flues. The north front, facing towards Foregate Street, formerly the main front, contains three arched doorways, two of them blocked, more sash windows, and another broken pediment containing a round window. At the first floor level is a frieze containing vase-shaped balusters in three panels. The rear of the building, facing towards the east, is almost unpierced.</p><br>
<p>The Denis Julien Inscription was left on a rock face in 1838 along the Green River in Moffat County, Colorado by Denis Julien, a French-American trapper who was one of the few Europeans in the area in the 1830s. Julien made a practice of leaving his mark on locations along the Green and Colorado rivers, leaving at least eight such marks. Four, including the Colorado mark, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The inscription reads:</p><br>
<p>DJ 1838</p><br>
<p>It is about 5 ft above normal water level, but below flood level. The inscription is located in Whirlpool Canyon in what is now Dinosaur National Monument. The inscription was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 19, 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Sedan House is at 13 and 13B Stanley Place, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. The house is sited on the corner of Stanley Place and City Walls Road. It takes its name from the porch on City Walls Road that was used for those being carried in a sedan to enter the house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Stanley Place, including the Sedan House, was built in about 1780 on land formerly occupied by the Franciscan and Dominican friaries. Stanley Place remains as one of Chester&#39;s few unaltered Georgian streets.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Sedan House is constructed in brown brick on a painted stone plinth, with a grey slate roof. It has three storeys. The windows are sashes. Extending from the house on the side of City Walls Road is a single-storey porch. This has two doors, one on the north side and one on the south. On the west side is a nine-pane window. Leading up from the north side is a single stone step, with two steps to the south. It is thought that this is the only surviving porch of this type in the northwest of England.</p><br>
<p>10–28 Nicholas Street is a terrace of houses on the west side of the street in Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The terrace was built in 1780. It was designed by Joseph Turner, and originally consisted of ten town houses. The terrace became known as "Pillbox Promenade", or "Pillbox Row", because many of the houses were used as doctors&#39; surgeries. It is the "longest and most uniform of any of the Georgian properties in Chester".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The houses are constructed in brown brick in Flemish bond, with stone dressings and grey slate roofs. They are in three storeys plus a basement, and contain sash windows.</p><br>
<p>Tourville and Murat Bays Important Bird Area is an important bird area in South Australia with a combined area of 117 km&sup2;, located west to the town of Ceduna on the north-west corner of the Eyre Peninsula in the Great Australian Bight. It is considered to be an important area because of the resident populations of waders, or shorebirds.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Important Bird Area (IBA) consists of two separate areas - one on the west side of Murat Bay and the other covering the full extent of Tourville Bay. Both bays open to Denial Bay which itself is bounded by St Peter Island, a member of the Nuyts Archipelago, on its east side. Tourville Bay has a relatively narrow neck and contains extensive intertidal flats and saltmarsh. Murat Bay is more open to the sea. They are separated by about 10 km of headland. The important bird area includes the intertidal zone and extends inland to take in other coastal features such as wetlands, including mangroves and playa lakes.</p><br>
<h2>Criteria for nomination as an IBA</h2><br>
<p>The bays have been identified as an IBA by BirdLife International because, together, they support over 1% of the world populations of both pied and sooty oystercatchers. Other birds for which the site is important include common greenshanks, red knots, sharp-tailed sandpipers, banded lapwings, red-capped plovers and fairy terns. There are also records of hooded plovers, pied and great cormorants, and white-faced herons. rock parrots inhabit the saltmarsh.</p><br>
<h2>Associated protected areas</h2><br>
<p>While the IBA has no statutory status, it does overlap part of the Nuyts Archipelago Marine Park, a marine protected area declared by the Government of South Australia.</p><br>
<p>Murat Bay is a bay at the western end of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. It is an inlet of the Great Australian Bight. The main town on the bay is Ceduna.</p><br>
<p>The Tourville and Murat Bays Important Bird Area includes Murat Bay.</p><br>
<p>Murat Bay was initially named Baie des Saints by Nicolas Baudin, and renamed to Baie Murat by François Péron and Louis de Freycinet on the same expedition, named after Joachim Murat, a Marshal of France. As that name was in French, the current name is the English translation.</p><br>
<p>Matthew Flinders named the bay Denial Bay, which is now the name of a small community on the western side of the bay. Murat Bay is the enclosed bay bounded by Cape Thevenard and Matts Point. Denial Bay is the larger body of water bounded by Nuyts Archipelago on the seaward side.</p><br>
<p>Portbraddon Cave  is a relict sea cave located near Portbraddon, County Antrim on the north coast of Northern Ireland. Its location 5 m above the present-day high water mark makes it important archaeologically, as it would have been inhabited as far back as the Mesolithic.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s the cave was the subject of an archaeological dig by Andrew McLean May, who made a number of notable finds. During the course of the excavations, which went as deep as 2 m below the modern floor level, May encountered: iron objects, including the barrel of a muzzle-loading pistol; pottery and flint tools, some of which showed Mesolithic characteristics; fireplaces and animal bones and ultimately the original water-worn floor of the cave. Most notably May also discovered partial remains of three human females. They were examined by Professor Thomas Walmsley at Queen&#39;s University Belfast, who noted that "most of the bones have primitive features which are not likely found together in post-medieval time; and there are some characteristics which suggest an epi-palaeolithic inheritance."</p><br>
<p>The whereabouts of the human bones have since become unknown, and they have not been subjected to modern radiocarbon dating techniques.</p><br>
<p>Centre County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The original section was built in 1805, with additions and / or remodeling in 1835, 1854–55, 1909, and 1963-64. It is a rectangular brick building on a stone foundation, measuring 135 feet long by 60 feet wide. The building is faced in stucco and has a gable roof topped by a cupola. It features a Greek Revival style entry porch with eight 26 foot high smooth faced columns with Ionic order capitals. The porch was added in 1835. In June 2012, it was the site of the trial of Jerry Sandusky in the Penn State sex abuse scandal.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It is located in the Bellefonte Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Sanjay Lake is an artificial lake developed by Delhi Development Authority  in Trilokpuri in East Delhi, India, adjoining Mayur Vihar II residential area. The lake is Spread over an area of approximately 17 hectare in the middle of a 69 hectare forest area, also known as Sanjay Lake Park. Sanjay Lake was developed in the 1970s by DDA and opened in 1982. A well-laid-out fitness track is very popular with walking-enthusiasts.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The lake bound by Sanjay lake park, is surrounded by the residential colonies of Kalyanpuri and Trilokpuri on the eastern side and Mayur Vihar on the Western side. Sanjay Jheel is a huge rainwater fed lake. At times, the water supply was augmented by the back flowing Yamuna. During floods, it also received water through Hindon River channel.</p><br>
<p>Different types of birds can be seen here till February end every year. According to Local birders, the lake hosts 90 varieties of birds. Shovellers, Pintails, common pochard, tufted pochard, common teal, spot-bill, yellow headed wagtail and pied wagtail are some of the birds that commonly visit the lake. The migratory birds mostly come to the eastern part of the lake, as the water is deeper and the area is free from human disturbances.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Long before the trans yamuna (now known as East Delhi) area, thus called because it lay across the Yamuna River from the main city of New Delhi, was colonised by the government, this was natural low-lying area, land depression where rainwater collected, which was also fed by excess run-off from a cut in the Hindon River. The area had a number of villages like Patparganj in the floodplains of Yamuna and vast agricultural lands. Eventually, in 1970 this was developed by Delhi Development Authority into a long winding lake.</p><br>
<p>Initially the lake spread over 89 acres and together with the surrounding park it covered an area of 178 acres. However it was greatly shrunk after DDA started developing the area for its housing colonies, as colonies like Mayur Vihar, Indraprastha Extension (I.P. Extn.), and Patparganj DDA colonies started coming up in the 1980s and its catchment area was largely built over. Similarly, when National Highway 24 (NH 24) was built to connect the national capital to Capital of Uttar Pradesh state, Lucknow, which cut through the lake, and the Nizamuddin bridge was built over the Yamuna and its northern portion was lost and lake was reduced to present 69 hectare. In the following decades, as land pressure increased in East Delhi, the lake further shrunk due to unauthorised construction, encroachment and sewage from near by slums. In 2009, the DDA handed over the park area and the lake to the Delhi Tourism Department.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Sanjay Lake is the tourist location of Delhi. This is a lake along with a long park. Sanjay Lake has a total forested area of 170 acres, and it is one of the longest park of East Delhi locations. Sanjay Lake is an artificial lake which is dependant on sewer and rainwater.</p><br>
<p>There is also a Sanjay Jheel, within the Sanjay Van (Sanjay Forest) part of the South Delhi ridge, adjacent to Mehrauli and Vasant Kunj, Delhi.</p><br>
<h2>Adventure Park</h2><br>
<p>The Adventure Park was innagurated on 16 December 2015 by then Deputy Chief Minister of Delhi Manish Sisodia. The park has been set up by Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation (DTTDC) in association with Delhi Development Authority (DDA) under PPP mode. The Adventure Park is claimed to have been developed on a Wild West theme making extensive use of natural materials such as wood and jute rope and consisting of hut like structures.Spread across 6.3 acres, it has nine lawns-Great Plain, Battle Ground, Home Dome, The Den, Grazing Field, Bad Lands, Cattle Ranch, Cowboy Creek and a man-made beach. Apart from that, Delhi Development Authority (DDA) has also suggested twin corporate towers, a park, old-age homes and studio apartments for its ambitious ‘Lake City project’ at Sanjay Lake.</p><br>
<p>Mantle&#39;s Cave is a cliff alcove in Dinosaur National Monument in Moffat County, Colorado. Located in the Castle Park region of the park, it is the largest rock shelter in the area. It was discovered before 1921 by local ranchers, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Mantle. Mrs. Mantle is reported to have done some excavation of the site, followed up by the Penrose-Taylor expedition of 1933 from Colorado College and the Fountain Valley School, which designated the site "Cave One." The site is a significant resource for the Fremont culture and is among the best resources in northwestern Colorado. Excavations in the 1930s and 1940s yielded significant material on the Fremont people and their relationship to the later Ancestral Puebloans.</p><br>
<h2>Investigation</h2><br>
<p>The cave was found to have dwelling sites and granaries, with pottery shards, baskets and hunting tools recovered. An extensive excavation was undertaken by the University of Colorado Museum in 1939 and 1940, led by Charles R. Scoggin, a student assistant at the museum, and Edison P. Lohr. The survey found the most significant artifacts in small holes that were probably meant to be temporary caches, including stone and bone projectile points, stone tools, bones, beads, robe seeds, fragments of clothing and footwear and other objects. The most significant discovery was a bag containing a feathered headdress, beads and other objects. Investigations were interrupted by World War II, in which Scoggin died. Limited work resumed in 1947 and 1948 under Robert Burgh, finding little additional material. No human remains were found by either party.</p><br>
<p>The investigators concluded that the site was used primarily for storage. Little sign of long-term habitation was found, attributed to the cave&#39;s northern exposure and elevation of 5,365 ft, which would have made it an uncomfortable dwelling. Artifacts are primary associated with the Fremont culture. Excavations suggested that there was an earlier period of use, based on the finding of charcoal at depth. Excavations have not been pursued in this layer. In all, 53 built or excavated features have been identified. Several prehistoric petroglyphs and some modern graffiti exist in the alcove.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The alcove faces north. It is wider than it is deep, about 100 m wide and about 40 m deep, with an area of about 3,140 m&sup2;. It is sited about 450 m south of the Yampa River, about 100 m higher than the river. Located in Permian and Pennsylvanian Weber sandstone, the alcove stands just below the rim of a bench in the valley walls.</p><br>
<p>The artifacts collected from Mantle&#39;s Cave are conserved at the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History. The cave was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 10, 1994.</p><br>
<p>Ardgowan Castle, also known as Inverkip Castle, is located in the grounds of Ardgowan House near Inverkip, Scotland. It is near the Firth of Clyde in Inverclyde, in the former county of Renfrewshire. The three-storey ruin is protected as a category B listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1306, Inverkip was besieged by supporters of Robert Bruce, led by Robert Boyd of Cunningham. In 1403, King Robert III granted the lands of Ardgowan to his natural son, Sir John Stewart. The castle is dated to the late 15th century.</p><br>
<p>In 1667 Archibald Stewart was created a baronet. The 3rd baronet married, in 1730, Helen Houston, heiress of the Shaws of Greenock. Their son Sir John Shaw-Stewart, 4th Baronet, commissioned a design for a new house from the architect Hugh Cairncross. Construction began in 1797, and was completed around 1801, after which the old castle was abandoned. The ruin was consolidated and repaired in 1936. Only one hugh tower remains of the old castle of Ardgowan</p><br>
<p>Ardgowan House is a late 18th-century mansion and estate on the Firth of Clyde near Inverkip, Scotland. Ardgowan is located in Inverclyde, in the former county of Renfrewshire. The Ardgowan estate has been held by the Stewart family since the early 15th century. The present house was erected in 1797 and completed in1801 from designs by Cairncross. It is the seat of major Sir Hugh Shaw-Stewart of Greenock and Blackhall, Baronet.The house is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1403, King Robert III granted the lands of Ardgowan to his natural son, Sir John Stewart. In 1667 Archibald Stewart was created a baronet. The 3rd baronet married, in 1730, Helen Houston, heiress of the Shaws of Greenock. Their son Sir John Shaw-Stewart, 4th baronet, commissioned a design for a new house from the architect Hugh Cairncross. Construction began in 1797, and was completed around 1801. The grounds were laid out to designs by James Ramsay from 1800.</p><br>
<p>In 1825 William Burn was appointed by the 6th baronet to extend the house. Sir Michael Shaw-Stewart, 7th Baronet and his wife Lady Octavia, daughter of the 2nd Marquess of Westminster, continued improvements to the grounds, employing their gardener brought from Eaton Hall, Cheshire to install formal gardens. In 1904 the 8th baronet commissioned Robert Lorimer to design the conservatory. Planting of new trees and shrubs continued until the Second World War, during which the house was employed as a hospital. The house remains home to the Shaw-Stewarts, and is also operated as a venue for rent.</p><br>
<h2>The estate</h2><br>
<p>The estate includes the remains of the 15th-century Ardgowan Castle, also known as Inverkip Castle. Only one huge tower remains of the old castle of Ardgowan, which was one of the fortresses held by the English in the Scottish Wars of Independence. The three-storey ruin is protected as a category B listed building.</p><br>
<p>The gothic Chapel of St Michael and All Angels, built in the mid-19th century, is also on the estate.</p><br>
<p>Duchal House is an 18th-century mansion and estate near Kilmacolm, Scotland. It is located in Inverclyde, in the former county of Renfrewshire. Duchal was acquired by the Porterfield family in the 16th century. The present house was built in 1710 and extended in 1768. It is now owned by Lord Maclay. The house is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lands of Duchal were held by the Lyle family from the 13th century, based at Duchal Castle, now a ruin. In 1544 Duchal was acquired by John Porterfield, and in 1710 his descendant Alexander Porterfield constructed a new house. This building now forms the south range of the present house. Formal gardens had been laid out by around 1750. The house was extended eastward by Boyd Porterfield in 1768.</p><br>
<p>In 1854 the estate was acquired by the Shaw-Stewarts of Ardgowan for use as a shooting lodge. Duchal was sold in 1910, and in 1915 was purchased by the shipowner Joseph Paton Maclay, 1st Baron Maclay, whose family still occupy the house.</p><br>
